VIET NAM. Mr. Vo Van Chung, veteran NLF soldier with photograph of himself and comrades with a downed US helicopter they shot down near Cu Chi on the 19th April 1971.

VIET NAM. After admiring photographs: a lunch with lots of beer, the host, Vo Van Chap, an ex-NLF fighter, realized who Ly Tong Ba was. The old adversaries were soon involved in a heated argument: "Are youu really the General famous for his crimes?" Ba replied, "we were misled by foreigners, we are all brothers now!" He now lives in America.

VIET NAM. Mrs. Nguyen Thi Lop, 56, the widow of Nguyen Van Lem (nom de guerre, Bay Lop) murdered by General Nguyen Ngoc Load during the Tet Offensive in Ho Chi Minh City. He was captured whilst attacking the Naval Headquarters in the city. Loan died in the US in 1998.

VIET NAM. Ho Chi Minh City. At the History Museum a girl swings on the nose of a fighter jet.

VIET NAM. An American father greets his son that he is seeing for the first time. Mr. Carl BAKERFIELD, who worked for Pacific Architects in Viet Nam during the war, embraces his 15 year-old son, Nguyen Thanh Hung, at Ho Chi Minh airport.

VIETNAM. 1988. Vo Van Chap, a 56-year-old veteren of the National Liberation Front, holds a photograph of himself and comrades with a U.S. helicopter they shot down near Cu Chi on April 19, 1971.

VIETNAM. 1988. Le Van Cu, holds the dogtag of American GI Don C. Harrell (ID# ER16886246, A Pos, Lutheran), who was killed when his helicopter was downed by Le Van Cu at An Phu village in Cu Chi district. Le Van Cu, a 43-year-old National Liberation Front veteran known by his guerrilla name of Sau Cu, is credited with shooting down 8 U.S. aircraft during the Vietnam war.

VIETNAM. 1988. The entrance to Z30D (Thu Duc) re-education camp in Thu Hai Province. Originally, it held 2000 inmates but many have been released as part of the Policy of Reconciliation. There are now only 30 inmates.

VIETNAM. 1988. Ex-General Ly Tong Ba returns to his old area of command to meet the NLF guerrillas he fought against in an village in Cu Chi district.

VIETNAM. 1988. Two of the remaining inmates at Thu Doc re-education camp stand in the doorway of the camp library. Ex-Colonel Phan Tai Diet (left) served in "security" in Saigon during the war, and ex-Colonel Tran Van Phan was the acting chief of police for Saigon in 1968 after his boss, General Loan, was wounded.

VIETNAM. 1988. The main hall at Thu Duc re-education camp where inmates watch television. This photo was taken duirng a weekend when families were allowed to make conjugal visits.

VIETNAM. Saigon. 1988. Newly released members of the former Saigon regime arrive at the Saigon railway station after their journey from the north.

VIETNAM. Saigon. 1988. Newly released members of the former Saigon regime arrive at the Saigon railway station after their journey from the north.

VIETNAM. 1988. Nguyen Thi Lop, the 56-year-old widow of Nguyen Van Lem (nom de guerre, Bay Lop). Nguyen Van Lem was killed by General Loan during the Tet Offensive after being captured while attacking the Naval Headquarters in Saigon.

VIETNAM. 1988. Captured military equipment is exhibited to mark the 20th anniversary of the Tet Offensive.

VIETNAM. 1988. Captured military equipment is exhibited to mark the 20th anniversary of the Tet Offensive.

VIETNAM. 1988. Captured military equipment is exhibited to mark the 20th anniversary of the Tet Offensive.

VIETNAM. 1988. Captured military equipment is exhibited to mark the 20th anniversary of the Tet Offensive.

VIETNAM. 1988. Captured military equipment is exhibited to mark the 20th anniversary of the Tet Offensive.

VIETNAM. 1988. A women with flowers on Nguyen Hue Street where flowers are traditionally sold for the Tet holiday.

VIETNAM. 1988. Nguyen Hue Street, where flowers are traditionally sold for the Tet holiday.

VIETNAM. 1988. Young ballerinas at a Tet celebration concert.

VIETNAM. 1988. A young boy wears a hat made from a cigarette carton. It is the latest fad to hit Ho Chi Minh City.

VIETNAM. Ho Chi Minh City. Three siblings exhibiting classic teratogenic symptoms, double elbows and knees on each limb, at Orphanage No. 6. They had been abandoned by their mother in the nearby Tu Duc Forest. 1988

VIET NAM. The state-owned Noodle Factory, Tan Binh District, on the outskirts of HCM City. Nguyen Van Gon, the director of the factory with some of the products drying in the sun. One and a half tons can be dried in this way but only during the dry season. The product is prepared during the night to take advantage of drying (average 4 hours).

VIET NAM. Mrs Le Thi Thu Nguyet, director of the Tan Binh District Food Store, poses with some of their best selling produce - green label export arrowroot and vermicelli noodles.

VIET NAM. Mr. Nguyen Van Ham, director of GINIMEX that exports marine products, along with coffee and essences, primarily to Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan and Thailand. The shareholders are paid 10% interest per month on their investment, including Bui Huu Nhan (sitting on the right) who was a high official in the Provisional Revolutionary Government.

VIET NAM. Mr. Huynh Van Tong, was a tobacco grower. Aged 70, he was a farmer for 40 years except when he was a soldier for the Viet Minh and the four years he spent as a prisoner on Con Son island. His prize possession is a huge hi-fi set from Japan that cost, using the current yardstick in common use, 300kilos of pork.

VIET NAM. The Dong Tam Mechanical Corporation in Go Vap District makes 40 different kinds of agricultural equipment. It was founded in 1976 by 22 workers who each invested 100 Dong. The seven member management team, including the director, Mr. Nguyen Nam Hung, are elected by the workers.

VIET NAM. Mr. Nguyen Van Muoi Hai, president of the Thanh Huong Perfume Factory with his staff that makes toiletries. Their best-selling product was a perfume called CHARLIE. Alas, when this photograph was published in America, Mr. Hai presented the picture as proof of his financial standing to persuade would-be investors who then lost everything.

VIET NAM. Ho Chi Minh City. A rice warehouse.

VIET NAM. Ho Chi Minh City. Workers in a warehouse responsible for rice distribution within the city.

VIET NAM. Mr. Nguyen Van Thanh, the Vice-Director of the Frozen Food Factory No: 1 holding a scampi, their most important export. With their size reaching 30cm in length, they have proved to be attractive to foreign markets where the hard currency resides, ignoring the hunger that exists in Viet Nam.

VIET NAM. The Frozen Food Factory No:1 deals exclusively with fish products and has 3,300 workers producing 2,400 tons which was sold to Japan and Australia for $21,000,000 in 1987. The company converted the capital abroad into consumer goods that it then brought back to Viet Nam to use as payment to the fisherman who provided the original produce.

VIET NAM. Ho Chi Minh City. Mr. Le Cong Than at his MESCO battery-less flashlight factory proudly demonstrates his product that was selling well in Cuba and other countries where batteries are expensive. His factory was a showcase of entrepreneurial enterprise and he was even blessed by a visit from General Secretary Nguyen Van Linh.

VIET NAM. Ho Chi Minh City. Workers at clothing factory. Their average salary, in 2002, was US$45 a month.

VIET NAM. The Sai Gon river at dawn.

VIET NAM. Advertising equates joy and happiness with products and services - a connection that is not always so apparent.

VIET NAM. In the early post-war days in the South shops were little more than roadside displays of goods. The products were often gifts sent to relatives as "food parcels" by family members who had emigrated then sold to middle-men who distributed the items to the pavement shops.

VIET NAM. Hawkers counting their money. With rapid inflation, from 3 Dong to the US dollar in 1980 to 15,000 today, stacks of bills are needed for simple transactions.

VIET NAM. Beggar.

VIET NAM. Mr Le Van Cu, veteran NLF soldier holding the dog tag of an American GI, who was killed when his helicopter was shot down in Cu Chi district.

VIET NAM. Ex-General, Fort Bragg trained, Ly Tong Ba, after his release from 12 years in a re-education camp. Previously commander of the South Vietnamese 25th Division, he returned to his old area of operation in Cu Chi district to meet the National Liberation Front guerrillas he fought against.

VIET NAM. Mr. Ho Van Cheng, veteran NLF soldier seen holding a dog-tag taken from the body of a GI in a helicopter he shot down during February 1970 at Ap Phu Binh village. Cheng shot down the aircraft with his AK-47 when it was flying at about 60 feet.

VIET NAM. Ex-General, Fort Bragg trained, Ly Tong Ba, after his release from 12 years in a re-education camp. Previously commander of the South Vietnamese 25th Division, he returned to his old area of operation in Cu Chi district to meet the National Liberation Front guerrillas he fought against.

VIET NAM. Ex-Colonel Tran Van Phan was the acting Chief of Police for Sai Gon in 1968 after his boss, the infamous General Loan, was wounded during the Tet Offensive. On the right, Ex-Colonel Phan Tai Diet. They are standing in the doorway of the camp library.

VIET NAM. Ex-Colonel Phan Tai Diet, a Northerner, who served in "Security" in Sai Gon during the war, at the doorway of his room at the re-education camp. The woman and child are there on a family visit.

VIET NAM. Detainees released from re-education camps arrive at Ho Chi Minh City railway station to be met by family members. The release occured during the 1988 Tet holiday.

VIET NAM. Detainees released from re-education camps arrive at Ho Chi Minh City railway station to be met by family members. The release occured during the 1988 Tet holiday.

VIET NAM. Detainees released from re-education camps arrive at Ho Chi Minh City railway station to be met by family members. The release occured during the 1988 Tet holiday.

VIET NAM. Detainees released from re-education camps arrive at Ho Chi Minh City railway station to be met by family members. The release occured during the 1988 Tet holiday.

VIET NAM. Detainees released from re-education camps arrive at Ho Chi Minh City railway station to be met by family members. The release occured during the 1988 Tet holiday.

VIET NAM. Ho Chi Minh City. A memorial set up outside the front wall of the old US Embassy to commemorate the commandos who died during the attack at Tet, 1968.

VIET NAM. Ho Chi Minh City. Visitors at the War Remnants Museum, where much of the ordnance used in the war is on display.

VIET NAM. Ho Chi Minh City. On Sunday afternoons families often spend time at the History Museum relaxing among the military hardware.

VIET NAM. Ho Chi Minh City. On Sunday afternoons families often spend time at the History Museum relaxing among the military hardware.

VIET NAM. Ho Chi Minh City. Amerasian children on the streets of the city, hoping to get adopted by a sympathetic foreigner, preferably American.

VIET NAM. Ho Chi Minh City. Amerasian children on the streets of the city, hoping to get adopted by a sympathetic foreigner, preferably American.

VIET NAM. Ho Chi Minh City. Amerasian children on the streets of the city, hoping to get adopted by a sympathetic foreigner, preferably American.

VIET NAM. Ho Chi Minh City. Relaxing along the waterfront.

VIETNAM. A boy diving off a ferry boat into the Sai Gon River.

VIET NAM. Ho Chi Minh City. Religious items for sale outside the front door of the Notre Dame Cathedral.

VIET NAM. In Viet Nam dancing traditionally had a formal quality, occasionally resorting to American trends such a break-dancing.

VIET NAM. Ho Chi Minh City. Detainees released from re-education camps arrive at Ho Chi Minh city railway station to be met by family members. The release occurred during the 1988 Tet holiday.

VIET NAM. Mr. Ngo Toai, the owner of the Pho Binh soup shop in the upstairs room where he sheltered and fed 100 National Liberation Front fighters from the F100 commando group before they attacked the US Embassy during Tet in 1968.

VIET NAM. Ho Chi Minh City. Courting couple in the park.

VIET NAM. The Lugiaco Engineering Company makes street lights from the aluminum of old US APCs. Districts in the provinces send the factory the old wrecks and receive street lights in exchange.

VIET NAM. Ex-General, Fort Bragg trained, Ly Tong Ba, after his release from 12 years in a re-education camp. Previously commander of the South Vietnamese 25th Division, he returned to his old area of operation in Cu Chi district to meet the National Liberation Front guerrillas he fought against.

VIET NAM. In Viet Nam dancing traditionally had a formal quality, occasionally resorting to American trends such a break-dancing.

VIET NAM. Ho Chi Minh City. Amerasian children on the streets of the city, hoping to get adopted by a sympathetic foreigner, preferably American.

USA. Pennsylvania. Philadelphia.4/14/1988. Members of the Fruit of Islam, the security detail of the Nation of Islam, file through a crowd of University of PA students gathered to demonstrate or attend a speakiing appearance by Louis FARRAKHAN.